Assignment 3!

1.    What is relative clauses ? Explain and find passage then determine its relative clause!
Relative Clause is a kind of subordinate clause that contains an element whose interpretation is provided by an antecedent on which the subordinate clause is grammatically dependent; that is, there is an anaphoric relation between the relativized element in the relative clause, and the antecedent on which it depends.
Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who*, that, which, whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun that precedes them.


2.    What is conditional sentences ? How many types are there! Give examples min 5 for each other!
Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.
A full conditional sentence (one which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore contains two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called the protasis; and the main clause expressing the consequence, called the apodosis
a.    Conditional Sentence Type 1
Example :
-    If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation
-    If I meet him, I will introduce myself.
-    If you study hard, you will pass the final exam
-    If we arrive late, she will be angry with us
-    If she comes, I will give her the message.
b.    Conditional Sentence Type 2
Example :
-    If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
-    If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
-    If she visited me, I would give her money
-    If I had enough time, I would go fishing
-    If he smokes less, he wouldn’t cough so much

c.    Conditional Sentence Type 3
Example :
-    If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
-    If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
-    If the team had played well, it would have won the competition
-    If I had known her number, i would have called her
-    If he had studied hard, he would have passed the final exam
   

Mention and explain kinds of pronoun, give examples for each kind!

Assignment

1.      Mention and explain kinds of pronoun, give examples for each kind!

Answer:

A. Personal Pronouns

These are pronouns that refer mostly to human beings. However, the word 'it' does not refer to human beings, but is a Personal Pronoun. So, we have a more grammatical way of defining Personal Pronouns so that we can include the hapless it in the Personal Pronoun family. A Personal Pronoun is a pronoun which belongs to any of the three grammatical persons. The list of pronouns which belong to this group are: I, we, you, he, she, it, and they.

The personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, they, and who. More often than not (but not exclusively), they replace nouns representing people. When most people think of pronouns, it is the personal pronouns that usually spring to mind.

Examples :

-          Is this mine or yours?

-          We can't all be heroes because somebody has to sit on the curb and clap as they go by.

B. Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns are used to show or identify one or a number of nouns that may be far or near in distance or time. They are only four in number - This, That, These and Those. This and That are singular demonstrative pronouns and These and Those are plural demonstrative pronouns. They can also be used to show an unspecified quantity in a sentence.

That is a beautiful house. - That is a demonstrative pronoun that is referring to a specific noun (house). This is a singular pronoun as it is referring to only one house.

These were made by me. - These is showing an unspecified quantity of something that was made by a person. This is a plural demonstrative pronoun as it’s referring to a number of objects.

Everyone remembers those days. - Those is showing a particular time or period of days in the past; it is being used in place of a noun that could be - school, summer, college, etc. Here also those is a plural demonstrative pronoun as it’s indicating a number of days.

This is what he is charging? - This is used as pronoun in place of a number and it is also acting as a quantifier by referring not only to the noun but to the amount/number of the noun as well. This is a singular demonstrative pronoun.

Examples :

-          She gave me this gift. (this - Demonstrative Adjective)

-          Those are totally awesome.

-          These are my children.

C. Indefinite Pronouns

Unlike demonstrative pronouns, which point out specific items, indefinite pronouns are used for non-specific things. This is the largest group of pronouns. All, some, any, several, anyone, nobody, each, both, few, either, none, one and no one are the most common.

When we say, "Somebody stole my watch," we don't know to whom the word somebody refers to. The word somebody is an Indefinite Pronoun.

            Examples :

-          Nobody was answering when I called them last.

-          We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars

D. Distributive Pronouns                          

These pronouns refer to individual elements in a group or a pair, one individual at a time.

Examples :

-          each - "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need."

-          any - You may bring any of your friends.

E. Reciprocal Pronouns

      These pronouns are found in pairs. They are really a subject-object pair compressed. We'll find this if we expand the sentence in which they are present, as in the first example below. Reciprocal pronouns are used for actions or feelings that are reciprocated. The two most common reciprocal pronouns are each other and one another.

      Examples :

-          They talk to each other like they're babies.

-          Good people help one another to succeed.

F. Relative Pronous

      Relative Pronouns are used to join or relate two different clauses together by referring to the noun in the previous clause using the pronouns - Who, Whom, Whose, Which and That.

      Examples :

-          Dr Adam Sissons, who lectured at Cambridge for more than 12 years, should have known the difference.

-          This is the day that we have waited for so long

G. Interrogative pronouns

These pronouns are used in questions. Although they are classified as pronouns, it is not easy to see how they replace nouns. Who, which, what, where and how are all interrogative pronouns.

Examples :

-          Which dog won the race?

-          Whose is this wallet?

H. Possesive Pronouns

      They are sort of pronouns in that they refer to an understood noun, showing possession by that noun of something. They are technically adjectives, though, because they modify a noun that follows them. Possessive pronouns are used to show possession. As they are used as adjectives, they are also known as possessive adjectives. My, your, his, her, its, our and their are all possessive pronouns..

      Examples :

-          I gambled it all away on your race horse.

-          Have you seen her book?

I. Reflexsive Pronouns

      The reflexive pronouns aremyself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. These words can be either reflexive pronouns or emphatic pronouns.This page is about their use as reflexive pronouns. A reflexive pronoun is used with another noun (or pronoun) when something does something to itself.

      Examples :

-          Brian pinched himself.

-          The members argued amongst themselves for an hour.

2.      There are 3 types of question word! Explain those 3 types along with their examples!

1.      Yes / No Question

The first thing to remember is that there are two main kinds, 'yes / no' and 'wh'. To form yes/no questions where there is an auxiliary verb or a modal verb, we invert the word order of a positive sentence.

Examples :

-          Do you eat fish? No I don’t

-          Have they got a car? Yes they have.

2. Word Question

Sometimes we want more than yes or no for an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a question-word at the beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we want, like : where (place), when (time), why (reason), who (person).

           

Examples :

-          Where is the hotel?

-          Who has just arrived?

3. Choice  questions

Sometimes we give our listener a choice. We ask them to choose between two possible answers. So their answer is (usually) already in the question.

           

            Examples :

-          Do you want tea or coffe ? Coffe Please

-          Is your car white or black ? Black

Find the definition of subject, verb, object, modifier and find the theory of subject – verb agreements

1. Find the definition of subject, verb, object, modifier!

o       Subject

The subject of a sentence is a noun, a person, place, thing, idea, or feeling.  The subject often, but not always, comes at the beginning of the sentence.  The subject can be more than one noun. The subject is always performing an action, doing something, being something, or feeling something. Subjects are always nouns or noun equivalents (pronouns, gerunds, certain infinitives, phrases made from these verbals, and noun clauses). The subject is the person, place, or thing that does or controls the action of the verb. It is the concept that answers the question who? or what? does or is in relation to the verb.

o       Verb

Verbs are action words.  Run and jump are verbs.  Some actions are more subtitle.  Stay and wait are verbs.  Even to be is a verb.  Every sentence has at least one verb.  There can be more than one. A sentence can consist of nothing but a subject and a verb. The verb is most often defined as the word or words that express action or state of being. The trouble with this definition is that it is so broad that it is difficult to pin down just when a word expresses action" or "being." Verbals seem to express action, and even some nouns seem to convey a sense of action (the race, his answer, my worry, for example).

Maybe a better way to pin down the sentence verb is to find the word or words in the sentence that express action or state of being but also display some of the formal characteristics of verbs, those characteristics which have to do with the different spellings of the word in question, that is, the different forms of the word.

o       Object

A sentence can have more than one noun.  While a subject performs an action, an object is a noun that has action performed on it.  The object usually comes after the verb.  The following examples have a subject, then a verb, then an object.

o       Modifier

Another very common sentence element is modifiers.  Modifiers use adjectives or adverbs to describe, define, limit, or modify nouns or verbs.  A modifier can be a single word or a phrase. Modifiers are all of those adjective or adverb words, phrases, or clauses that change (modify) the meaning of other words, phrases or clauses. Although they take many forms, there are only two kinds of modifiers-adjective and adverb.

           

            Example :        1. To make lemonade, you first need some lemons.

                                    2. When he arrives, we can try to build a fort.

                                    3. As the cat watched, the two puppies fought over a bone.

                                    4. The small dog was reluctant to learn new things.

                                    5. Walking on the ice, she slipped and fell.

2.      Find the theory of subject – verb agreements!

Subject-verb agreement just means using the right version of the verb to agree with the subject. For the examples :

If you use the term "verb conjugation," your mates will probably think you're bit of brainbox, but it just means "how verbs change to agree with their subjects."

It's really simple. If you're a native English speaker, you'll naturally ensure your verbs agree with their subjects (i.e., conjugate correctly).

      Example :        1. My dog always growls at the postal carrier.

                              2. Basketballs roll across the floor.

                              3. I don’t understand the assignment.

                              4. These clothes are too small for me.

      5. Peter doesn’t like vegetables.

Semeru Mountain, Beauty, History, Legends and Stories

Semeru Mountain, Beauty, History, Legends and Stories

Mount Semeru is the highest mountain on the island of Java, the geographic location of the mountain is located in two administrative regions, namely the District of Malang and Lumajang. By positioning between 8 ° 06 'latitude and 120 ° 55' BT.Gunung Semeru has a peak altitude of 3,676 meters above sea level (masl). Mahameru is the name for the peak and Jonggring Saloko is the name of the crater.

  Mount Semeru is a mountain type active stratovolcano located in the area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) This area is an area of 50273.3 hectares dilahan. besides the beauty of natural scenery, the park is also rich in culture (Tengger tribe). This is the main attraction for tourists both local and foreign.

The highest land on the island of Java, Ranu Kumbolo, Soe Hok Gie, and Film 5 cm. maybe this is some word that comes to mind today when you hear the word "Semeru". The words have power as a magnet for listeners who are not only limited to the group of nature lovers and travelers.

Mount Semeru has a special place for Hindus and Buddhists in Indonesia in general. because the mountain is personified as a sacred mountain located in India. in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology derived from Sangsekerta Semeru meaning Sumeru "Great Meru" is the center of the universe, whether physical or metaphysical (spiritual). The mountain is believed to be the abode of the Gods (Shiva). The mountain is also considered a "Linga Acala" phallus that does not move at the same time also means phallus that is not created by man. In ancient Javanese language, Acala is also interpreted mountain or rock .. In the texts "Puranas" book belonging India Upaweda (further explanation of the Vedas) does mention God dwells in peak Mahameru Mahatunggal, which is also known as Mount Kailasa or Mount Hima.

Legend of Mount Semeru, the book Tantu Panggelaran Central Java language, in prose telling, when the land of Java is still unbalanced, yet stable, the Guru of the Gods decreed chop the top of Mount Mahameru of land Bharatawarsa (India) to be brought to Java. The statutes that implement the Gods. Mountaintop Mahameru finally beheaded, then flown to Java and Fall west side of the island of Java, Java ground shook. The eastern part of Java lifted, while the western part of Java, it actually sank.

Pieces summit of Mount Mahameru it was brought back to the east. Along the way from the west to the eastern part of Java, parts of the summit of Mount Mahameru that there are tumbling. parts that fall was eventually grow into six small mountain. each Mount Katong (Lawu, 3,265 meters above sea level), Mount Wilis (2169 masl), Mount Kampud (Kelud, 1,713 masl), Gunung Kawi (2,631 masl), Mount Arjuna (3339 masl), and Mount Kemukus (3,156 masl )

Once the eastern part of Java island still turns unbalanced. Finally, the gods had decided to cut the top of Mount Semeru then menjatuhkanya northwest side, and these pieces form a new mountain, the Mount Pawitra, or the now familiar we are familiar with the name of Mount Pananggungan. Legend of Mount Semeru is related to the spread of Hindu illustrate understand Siwaistis of Indian lands to the archipelago country centered in Java, and left a major influence on the beliefs and culture of the Tengger tribe today.

besides the beauty of natural scenery and legend turns existence Mount Semeru has Archaeological form Arca (Arcopodo) and inscriptions Kumbolo. According to Dwi Cahyono, Lecturer, University of Malang Archaeologists in an interview article in one website says, inscription inscription Kumbolo is expected relics of Kediri kingdom. while the estimated peningalan Arcopodo Majapahit kingdom.

Kingdom of the Hindu - Buddhist in East Java region is divided into three periods. The first period is Kediri kingdom that ruled 10M century up to the year 1222 AD the second period of the kingdom of Singosari who ruled in 1222 AD until 1293 AD and third periods of time Majapahit empire that ruled from 1293 AD to the 6th century, it can be concluded that the archaeological heritage of Mount Semeru is a rich archaeological heritage of the value of history and culture.

   Arcopodo, Arcopodo was first discovered by the late. Norman Edwin and Herman O Loud, Mapala University of Indonesia in 1984. Two years later, Norman returned to the two statues and wrote his findings in the journal Nature in 1986. Swara afterwards Arcapodo no longer known whereabouts, as the statue has mysteriously disappeared and become a myth among climbers. Then in November of 2011 Ring of Fire Expedition Team Compass perform a search to refute the existence of Arca deemed to have been missing for more than 25 years. The results, which are considered Arcopodo mysteriously disappeared it was never lost. The statue remained in place at the time of the late Norman Edwin and Herman O Loud find him. Then why this statue is considered disappeared for a few years? And why in the post Arcopodo now climbers have never come across this statue?

Arca considered disappeared after the magazine published its presence in Swara Alam 1986 because there was no other climbers who publish or mendokumentasikanya again after that. According to local people, in the 80 hiking trails to the summit Mahameru is converted to a hiking trail (new), as now, it is very possible lane changes and reasonable. In my opinion, there are two main reasons the lane change. First, change the path to be taken to protect the existence of the two statues of the hands of people - people who are not responsible. Secondly, there is damage to the path at that time because of changes in natural conditions. This can be evidenced by the difficulty of the terrain taken by the team of the Ring of Fire Expedition Compass in his writings while doing penulusuran 2011 last year.

Why is there Arca (Arcopodo) on Mount Semeru? What is the meaning of Arcopodo? Generally statue is a statue that is part of the Hindu holy places. This statue has an important place. Even long before the Hindu and Buddhist enter Nusantara (Indonesia) when animism and dynamism is still the belief tribes in Indonesia. The statue has an important role to worship ceremony spirit - the spirit of the ancestors. Sculpture used as a liaison or a container accommodating spirit "invited". Because Semeru is a sacred mountain. So worth if there's statue on the mountain.

According to Mr. Dwi Cahyono, as the name actually comes from the word Arcopodo Arca and On, which in the Java language are affected Sangsekerta, the meaning of the place. "So, Arca-In is a place Arca" Mr. Dwi also give an explanation if one statue that possibility is the figure of the Milky. Bliau then compared with Arca photo Bima Sukuh on the slopes of Mount Lawu. Body and hand-like Milky.

Bima is the embodiment of figures for starting reinforcements Thus, the place is enabled for ritual worship disaster banish from the summit of Mount Semeru active.

In contrast to Mr. Dwi, I have another view. that the word is derived from two words Arcopodo combined. Namely, Arco and Podo. Arco is Arca and Podo are the Same. In the Java language, the turn and the use of the letter "o" as "a" is a common and characteristic of Java language. So it can be concluded that Arcopodo word meaning "Arca Equal" in the Java language. And if the note Arca photo above is that they are similar in terms of shape, height and size. Arcopodo are two statues of the same?

So whether it is a statue embodiment Arcopodo Milky figure? I also have another view that is different from Mr. Dwi. In my opinion, Arcopodo is statue of the god Kala prwujudan and Anukala. Kala and Anukala has the same status as Nandicwara and Mahakala. If referring to the book of Prof. Soekmono, Temple Pengertianya dang function, in part Nandicwara Mahakala temple and placed as Dwarapala, statues guard located at the entrance of the temple buildings. So Arcopodo is the keeper but not the ARCA ARCA Bima?

In the book Tantu expected Panggelaran made the 15th century to explain the placement of the Gods and provide information that is maintained by Gana Mahameru mountain on the eastern gate, the gate Agasti on selatanya, by Gauri at the northern gate and by Kala and Anakula at the western gate. (Dr. Pigeaud 1924: 96-97) quoted by Prof. Dr R Soekmono. In sacred temple buildings, the position where the gods have not grip to the direction. This deity position depends on the direction (qibla) of the temple buildings.

So I think Arcopodo in Mount Semeru is the statue guards the gate, the door to enter the holiest place (top Mahameru). My view is of course still have to be reviewed either contextually or textually by the experts in history and archeology in order to obtain a clear picture of the history of the twin Arca (Arcopodo) which is the highest mountain on the island of Java, Semeru.

Mount Semeru, Beauty, History, Legends and Stories. In accordance with the headline. in this section I will share the experience of a trip that might give you some idea if you want or plan to make the climb to Mount Semeru. Previous noteworthy Semeru is the Holy Mountain, so keep each waffle, deeds, and sustainability (garbage) you while climbing. Nature has its own way to respond to human actions.

Mount Semeru has two hiking trails. The first is Ranu Pane path, this path can be accessed through the city of Malang. And the second is Senduro path, this path can be accessed through Lumajang. From the second path, the path of Ranu Pane is the most crowded and commonly used by hikers. Ranu Pane also there are two hiking trails. The first is the conventional path and the second path -ayek ayek.

There are several reasons why most climbers prefer trails Ranu Pane. Among them, the distance and ease of transportation to the last village (post climbing). Village Ranu Pane more accessible than Lumajang, Senduro. hiking trail that will be written here is a hiking trail through the Conventional Ranu Pane.

The journey starts from Malang who then proceed to Tumpang. Overlapping located in Malang regency, the distance from the city of Malang towards Overlapping approximately 16 km. if you use the Railways you can stop at the end station "Malang New Town" after that you can continue to use public transportation ADL, AL or other transport leading Arjosari terminal. Trip to the terminal station approximately 15 minutes. From the terminal you can use public transportation Arjosari white with Overlapping destination TA. If you party, you can charter a direct public transportation from Malang station for easy travel directly to the Overlapping because the cost will be cheaper. If you use air transportation you can use taxi services Abd Airport. Overlapping Saleh to go.

Arriving at the terminal Overlapping (market), you can move on to the village of trakhir (post ascent) Ranu Pane by using special transportation Jeep. Before you proceed to Ranu Pane is better if you check on the completeness, needs and requirements that you take. If necessary make a check list to facilitate and ensure no one is left behind completeness. Eg, logistics, fuel, medicine, camping gear and other personal needs. In Overlapping you can equip purposes will you need during ascent.

Overlapping is one of the historic areas in Malang. Because here there are the Archaeological heritage sites such as the Temple. Temple - This temple of the kingdom of Singosari the 12th century temple diantaraya Left (pendharmaan King Anusapati) and Candi Jago (pendharmaan King Winuwardhana). Besides Overlapping also has natural attractions such as waterfalls. Coban Pelangi, Coban Terisula is an example. In Overlapping you can also travel menikmaati picking apples in the area Poncho Kusumo. Apples of this region famous for its quality.

For the record. You are required to bring a health certificate from a doctor, or health centers. The letter was used as a condition when performing climbing permit in the mail climbing Mount Semeru. If you forget to take it do not worry. You can take care in clinics Overlapping located approximately 500 M of Overlapping market.

Jeep will bring you to post ascent always standby in front of Overlapping Market, Alfamart front. Overlapping trip - Ranu Pane takes about two hours drive. with the condition of roads and winding uphill typical mountain. During the trip you will be spoiled by the beautiful natural scenery in the form of apple orchards, forests, farms and hills teletubies Bromo volcano located in the area Jemplang and Bantengan, Malang and Lumajang border.

Arriving in the village of Ranu Pane you can immediately take care of the climbing permit. Ranu Pane is a village located at an altitude of 2,100 masl. Tribal village of Ranu Pane is Tengger tribe. Ranu Pane is derived from the name of the lake which is located in its territory. Ranu in Indonesian is the lake. Besides Ranu Pane. In the village there are also Ranu Regulo. In the village of Ranu Pane, about climbing posts are stalls selling food, rental equipment camping equipment, and accommodation (home stay).

Climbing permit in hand, meaning you can start climbing trip. Keep in mind when climbing Mount Semeru estimates vary. There were two days and one night, there were three days and two nights and the standard in general is four days and three nights.

Previously you have to specify how long you will make the climb. Because of this very influential on luggage and load goods to be taken during the ascent. Posts this trip will refer to time standard general ascent ie four days and three nights.

The first day. The purpose of the trip was Ranu Kumbolo. Ranu Kumbolo were 2,400 altitude above sea level. Estimated time of four to five-hour journey on foot. Mileage of 10.5 km. Ranu Kumbolo to get you going

pass 4 posts. ie post 1, pos2, post 3 and 4 are located above post Ranu Kumbolo. Among these posts you will also find two "welcome area" in the form of information boards. Among the welcome area Landengan Dowo (between Ranu Pane and Pos 1) and Watu Rejeng (between Heading 2 and Heading 3). Board that contains location information, altitude, climb and mileage. Ranu Kombolo is the first day of camp.

The second photo above is a photo of the legendary climbs love for the climbers who believe. It is said that if you pass climbs love without stopping and without looking backward thinking people you love. Love you will be realized and lasting. But it should be noted this is just a myth, believe in God the Almighty. Because only the permission of His is something could happen and materialize. Let it just be a myth story

The second day. The purpose of the trip was KALIMATI. Heading KALIMATI is 2,700 masl altitude. Camp KALIMATI is a camp on the second day and be the last camp before continuing to the summit summit Mahameru. Here are the fountain of fresh and clear. Her name is the source of semen. To take this water you have to go through a gap and a steep downhill path that is in the west shelter. Approximately takes forty minutes commute from KALIMATI shelter. Please be careful invite colleagues disumber ever take the water of this spring.

  To achieve KALIMATI of Ranu Kumbolo you will go through a few places. namely, Oro-oro Ombo, Cemoro Cage, and Jambangan. Estimated time of the trip three hours with the distance 7.5 km from Ranu Kumbolo.

Oro-oro Ombo is grassland which has an area of approximately 100 ha. While Cemoro Cage is dominated forest mountain pine trees and plants ferns. And the vase is covered with meadows of edelweiss, Cantigi and fir. From this vase Mahameru peak will begin to see clearly when the weather is sunny with no fog.

The third day, the purpose of the trip is Mahameru peak at an altitude of 3,676 masl. journey to the summit begins at about one o'clock early morning, in addition to catch the sunrise, climbing peaks during the early hours of time taken to pursue. Keep in mind while nine in the morning you have to be dropped from the top of Mahameru because it was feared would be a change in wind direction that will bring the toxic gas from active crater that leads towards a hiking trail. I and you should follow this grip. due to weather, natural changes sometimes unpredictable.

Third Day of this trip is the toughest journey when compared with the first and second day. because the terrain to be traversed quite difficult. Besides uphill terrain will be in the form of sand with rocks prone to landslides on slopes steep path. It takes passion and physical (health) were primed in order to reach the top Mahameru, the highest land on the island of Java.

Distance KALIMATI to top Mahameru 2.7 km, travel time varies between four to seven hour journey on foot. Travel time is very dependent on the person's condition and physical abilities. There are slower, some are probably faster because someone is not the same physically.

After the walk as far as 1.2 km, an altitude of 2,900 masl you will arrive at the Post Arcopodo, last post before the summit. Here there are no buildings as well as in post 1, 2,3 and 4. The Post Arcopodo you just find writing information only. In this post there is a flat land that is not so extensive and usually some climbers menjadikanya camp last alternative before continuing the journey to the top

Post Arcopodo climbers made a final camp must have some consideration. One is the time, and mileage. To get top Mahameru, distance from the Post Arcopodo to peak just 1.5 Km, closer than from the camp to the summit KALIMATI within 2.7 Km. So if you choose Arcopodo camp, you do not need to leave early in the morning.

However, there are some considerations to note when you make a post Arcopodo last camp before the summit, namely water. Because the Postal Arcopodo there is no water source. This means requires that you bring supplies more water for drinking and cooking needs, and certainly will add to the burden of luggage which is quite exhausting.

In this paper, I recommend Camp in Post KALIMATI as an option before continuing the climb to the top of Mahameru.

From post Arcopodo you can continue the climb towards the top (north) to follow the path already exists. After walking a few hundred meters you will reach Kelik. Kelik is location into the final frontier between forest vegetation and sand peak Semeru.

From Kelik is what I meant by the toughest terrain to be traversed during the climb to the top of Mahameru. In addition to the slope of the terrain, cold temperatures will be a test for the trip. This trial will be a drag if you do not mempersiapkanya. Should use when making climbing shoes. Shoes protect feet apart will also provide comfort. Foot is a vital organ when you make the climb, because with your feet running. Imagine if you had a leg injury while on the road. So it is appropriate and you should protect your feet with shoes to minimize the possibility of bad that might happen. Use Gaither as a supplement so that sand does not get into the shoes of the moment trip to the summit for the sake of convenience. You can also use a pole or stick Trecking. as a tool while running up the sandy terrain of Mount Semeru easy to move when in the stampede.

After a two-hour drive from Kelik vegetation boundary. You will reach the top Mahameru. The highest mountain peak on the island of Java.

Sunlight gradually emerged to provide warmth in the morning. Vast stretches of ocean clouds as indefinitely, breeze and rumbling eruptions naturally blends into the music that is so beautiful. Compassion and satisfied melt into one emotional bond that produce tears of happiness.

This is Nature, Nature His creation which is a testament to his power. This is Nature, Nature teaches us the meaning of the struggle, nature provides a lesson on the meaning of sacrifice and patience, and Nature is also the one who knocked out all vanity in the soul. how it should be, and so should

After quite enjoying the warm coffee, snacks and capture moments panoramic natural beauty of Mount Semeru, the goal is the next trip back to camp Kalimati.

Follow the track, the middle path that already exists. Do not be too far to the west or to the east. Land which ye tread easily move and disappear, if not careful this could be dangerous. Do not be arrogant, boastful or underestimate the way home just because the track was already memorized lines or because often SOWAN to the top. Because normally incident cases of missing persons in Mount Semeru occur when traveling down, not when a trip to the top.

Incident cases of missing persons in Mount Semeru happened last approximately one year ago, exactly on 30 October 2012 after the Youth Oath Ceremony. Incidentally, I then are planted in the incident and had followed the ceremony together at Ranu Kumbolo, I did not know each other. I just know when I heard the name of the missing information reports are entered into TNBTS officer at Ranu Pane. Firas, thank God after four days went missing victims were found safe by the Joint Sar Team. This incident may be a lesson to us all, especially me personally. And hopefully Firas case last year became the last case occurred in Mount Semeru.

Travelling down from the top to KALIMATI will usually be faster. Because the terrain is not as heavy as when doing the climb to the summit. 90% of the terrain decreases. However remain cautious while on the road. Rest when experiencing fatigue. Because fatigue can reduce the concentration. the estimated travel time from peak to camp KALIMATI approximately two to three and a half hour drive. Arriving at the camp KALIMATI you can have breakfast and get enough rest to recover setamina.

The third day you have two choices. First proceed break up tomorrow with the consequences, fourth on the day tomorrow the way back to the post ascent Ranu Pane directly ditrek in a day for seven to eight hours of travel. or second choice after breakfast and rest enough, you immediately packing and proceeded to camp Ranu Kumbolo to rest and fourth on the day trip to the post only resumed climbing Ranu Pane. You can discuss this option with colleagues you travel, how good circumstances.

Four day, the goal is the journey back to the post ascent Ranu Pane. Enjoy the journey home, no need to hurry because usually some climbers ran the way back (down). Berlalari field decreases when increasing the risk of foot injury. eg, strain or sprain. Before falling back to the post you are required to bring all the climbing former garbage you during ascent. Trash should not be left behind. It is a rule that you have to obey if you do not want to get the sanction of the officers. This garbage rules apply to anyone who enters the national parks or other conservation areas.

Preservation of nature are not the responsibility of the officer (manager) or a group of nature lovers only. Natural preserve a shared responsibility (visitors). Salinglah reminded to remain beautiful and preserved nature. By natural means keeping your balance. If nature is awake keseimbanganya, natural disasters and the damage can be avoided. I am reminded of the wise words of English-language "NOTHING BUT TAKE PICTURES, LEAVE NOTHING BUT FOOTPRINT, KILL NOTHING BUT TIME" hopefully this proverb to me and you can always remember.

Once the climbing post Ranu Pane you are required to report to the officer on guard. After that you can relax, walk - road disekitat Ranu Pane or Ranu Regulo, or directly proceed to the city of origin. Welcome reunited with family, relatives and colleagues, wish congratulations to the destination.

This article can be copied and distributed freely to include the source

http://justenote.wordpress.com/2013/12/13/gunung-semeru-keindahan-sejarah-legenda-dan-cerita/

Merbabu Mountain

Merbabu Mountain


Mount Merbabu is one of the most known volcano in Central Java, for its amazing and challenging hiking routes for both local and foreign hikers. Despite often used as a hiking site for many experienced hikers, Merbabu is still considered an active volcano. The term “Merbabu” is derivated from two words, “Meru” meaning “Mountain” and “Babu” meaning “female” or “lady”. The Great Volvano is located directly adjacent on the southeastern side of Mount Merapi. According to history, Merbabu’s last eruption was in 1968, and before that there was a moderate eruption in 1560 and again in 1797.

Although the mountain may seem to have many peaks, they are in fact not really the original peak (often known as shadow peak). There are only 2 original peaks of Mount Merbabu, they are named Syarif (3,120 meters high) and Kenteng Songo (3,142 meters high). These two high peaks offer a different panorama of their own. The two peaks can be reached through 2 different routes, one is through Selo/Boyolali on the northeast and the other is through Tekelan/Kopeng on the south.

The two routes offer a journey with different view of terrain. The Selo route is longer in distance but the scenary and landscape is much more beautiful than the Tekelan route. The pine trees on both sides of the road, in addition to the distinct view of Mount Merapi is a scenary one will find amusing. On the other hand, the Tekelan route is shorter in distance, but the road is a bit slopy due to a number of erosion and a high rain debit that occurred in the area. The scenary is also not as fascinating as that of the Selo route. A climb from the Tekelan route can take 8 to 10 hours.

The area on the slope of Mount Merbabu is considered a highly fertile farming land. Farmers from the nearest village plant different kinds of crops and agricultural products as their livelihood. The most famous crop in the area is tobacco. It has become the primary product where villagers earn their main income from.

Gunung Merbabu is a massive forested volcano that rises to the north above a broad 1500-m-high saddle from the renowned Merapi volcano in central Java. The volcano is elongated in a NNW-SSE direction, parallel to the trend of the long transverse volcanic chain extending from Merapi to Ungaran volcano. Three prominent U-shaped radial valleys extend from the 3145-m-high summit of Merbabu toward the NW, NE, and SE, dividing the volcano into three segments. The most recent magmatic eruptions originated from a NNW-SSE fissure system that cut across the summit and fed the large-volume Kopeng and Kajor lava flows on the northern and southern flanks, respectively. Moderate explosive eruptions have occurred from the summit crater of Merbabu in historical time.